World's 10 best airports!

World's 10 best airports!

After a nine month customer survey with more than 11.38 million participants, 10 airports have been selected as world's best airports.

World Airport Awards Skytrax 2011 held in Copenhagen has honoured the airports based on participants' review.

Let us have a look at world's 10 best airports.

1.    Hong Kong International Airport

Image: Exterior view of Hong Kong International Airport.

Hong Kong International Airport is the main airport in Hong Kong.
The airport opened for commercial operations in 1998, replacing Kai Tak, and is an important regional trans-shipment centre, passenger hub and gateway for destinations in Mainland China (with over 40 destinations) and the rest of Asia.

Hong Kong International Airport has won eight Skytrax World Airport Awards for customer satisfaction in eleven years.
It ranked second and third in 2009 and 2010 respectively for the Skytrax World Airport Awards.

2.  Singapore Changi Airport

A major aviation hub in Southeast Asia, it is about 17.2 kilometres north-east from the commercial centre in Changi, on a 13 square kilometres site.
The airport, operated by the Changi Airport Group, is the home base of Singapore Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, SilkAir, Tiger Airways, Jetstar Asia Airways, Valuair, and Jett8 Airlines Cargo.

Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying off to some 200 cities in about 60 countries and territories worldwide.

An important contributor to the Economy of Singapore, more than 28,000 people are employed at the airport, which accounts for over S$4.5 billion in output.

3. Incheon International Airport at south korea

Incheon International Airport is the largest airport in South Korea, the primary airport serving the Seoul national capital area, and one of the largest and busiest airports in the world.
From 2006 to 2008, it was rated the best airport in the world by the Airports Council International and received the full 5-star ranking by Skytrax, a recognition shared only by Hong Kong International Airport and Singapore Changi Airport.

The airport has a golf course, spa, private sleeping rooms, ice skating rink, a casino, indoor gardens and a Museum of Korean Culture.

4.Munich Airport at GERMANY

Munich Airport is located 28.5 km northeast of Munich, Germany, and is a hub for Lufthansa and Star Alliance partner airlines.It lies nearby the old city of Freising.

Munich Airport at GERMANY

Munich Airport is the second busiest airport in Germany in terms of passenger traffic behind Frankfurt Airport, and the seventh busiest airport in Europe, handling 34,721,605 passengers in 2010.

It is the world's 13th busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic.

5. Beijing Capital International Airport

Beijing Capital International Airport is the main international airport serving Beijing, China.
It is located 32 km northeast of Beijing's city centre in an enclave of Chaoyang District that is surrounded by rural Shunyi District.
The airport is owned and operated by the Beijing Capital International Airport Company Limited, a state-controlled company.

Beijing Capital has rapidly ascended in rankings of the world's busiest airports in the past decade.

Beijing Capital International Airport is currently the second busiest airport in the world in terms of passenger throughput behind Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

The airport registered 488,495 aircraft movements (take-offs and landings), which ranked 10th in the world, making Beijing Capital the only Asian airport in the Top 30

6. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol  Netherlands

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the Netherlands' main international airport, located 20 minutes southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer.
The airport's official English name, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, reflects the original Dutch word order (Luchthaven Schiphol.
The airport is the primary hub for KLM, Martinair, Transavia, Amsterdam Airlines and Arkefly.

The airport also serves as a European hub for Delta Air Lines. It is considered to be an Airport City.

7. Zurich Airport   Switzerland

Zurich Airport, also called Kloten Airport, is located in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, and managed by Flughafen Zurich AG.
It is Switzerland's largest international flight gateway and hub to Swiss International Air Lines.

8. Auckland Airport at New Zealand

Auckland Airport (formerly Auckland International Airport, also known locally as Mangere Airport) is the largest and busiest airport in New Zealand with over 13 million (estimated at seven million international and six million domestic) passengers a year, expected to more than double by 2025.

The airport is in Mangere, a suburb of Auckland 21 km south of the city centre.
It is the central hub for Air New Zealand, and a secondary hub for Pacific Blue, the New Zealand subsidiary of parent Virgin Australia.

9. Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Image: Kuala Lumpur International Airport.

Kuala Lumpur International Airport serves the capital city of Malaysia], Kuala Lumpur, and is one of Southeast Asia's largest airports.
It is also Malaysia's main international airport. It is situated in the Sepang district, in the south of the state of Selangor, about 50 kilometres from Kuala Lumpur.
KLIA was built at a cost of about $3.5 billion.



Kuala Lumpur International Airport is capable of handling 35 million passengers and 1.2 million tonnes of cargo a year in its current phase.
It was ranked as the 13th busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic, and is the seventh busiest international airport in Asia.
The complex handled 34,087,636 passengers in 2010.

10. Copenhagen Airport Denmark and the Oresund Region.

Image: Terminal 2 behind The Four Winds sculpture by Henrik Starcke (1964).

Copenhagen Airport is the main international airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark and the Oresund Region.
It is located on the island of Amager, eight kilometres south of Copenhagen city centre, and 24 kilometres west of Malmo city centre on the other side of the Oresund Bridge.
It is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, and one of the oldest international airports in Europe.

Copenhagen Airport handles 60 scheduled airlines and serves nearly 60,000 passengers per day; 21.5 million passengers passed through the facility in 2010, making it the busiest airport in the Nordic countries, with a maximum capacity of 83 loadings/hour and with room for 108 airplanes.

Each year, with rising global population, regardless of whether the global economy expands or contracts, more and more people take to the skies for the first time. And yet another air passenger is born.
The world's busiest airports are ranked here by the number of total passengers, data for which is provided by the Airports Council International.
A passenger is described as someone who arrives in, departs from, or transfers through the airport on a given day.
The rankings are done as per figures from January to August 2010 (This is the most current available official figure).

HOUSE KEEPING-SERVICE STANDERDS PEOPLE RELATED SERVICE STANDERDS

 

HOUSE KEEPING-SERVICE STANDERDS

PEOPLE RELATED SERVICE STANDERDS

MEN

Ø  Hair to be cut short and neatly styled.

Ø  Dyeing / streaking / coloring of hair not allowed.

Ø  Moustache to be neatly trimmed and should not cover lip.

Ø  Nails to be trimmed and well maintained – no dirt, nicotine, carbon or ink stains.

Ø  Simple watches with small dial and metal or leather strap - black, brown or ten.

Ø  Ensure no body odor- must have a bath every day.

Personnel must be courteous and polite in interactions with the customer.

Personnel He / she must always greet the customer with the greeting appropriate to the time of the day.

Personnel must be equipped to handle basic queries like location of the department and areas.

Personnel must not smoke cigarettes / bedews / chew tobacco or chew gum while on duty.

Personnel must not consume food / sewerages while on duty.

HOUSE KEEPING-SERVICE STANDERDS

PEOPLE RELATED SERVICE STANDERDS

 

Personnel must not engage in personnel conversation with other personnel while at the work areas.

Personnel must not talk loudly or scream across the corridor.

Personnel must not use mobile phone on duty to call / receive or send message.

Personnel must not be found in groups in guest areas,  service areas and cafeteria.

Personnel must be regular on duty and avoid absenteeism as their presence is directly connected with customer welfare.

Personnel must have eye for detail.

Personnel must follow the safety precaution while handling equipment.

Personnel must follow safe work practices.

HOUSE KEEPING-SERVICE STANDERDS

INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED SERVICE STANDERD

Only approved disinfectants must be used to clean the (locations) areas.

Housekeeping materials like brooms, buster, mops, etc. must always be kept in the pantry areas away from the customer sight.

Staff belonging like bags and food must always be kept away from the customer’s sight.

Collected waste must not be dumped or piled.

The plants and lawn must be maintained properly. The pots must be painted and leaves dust free.

The floor, staircase and ramp in all areas of the location must be clean and free of footprints and other waste materiel.

The upholstery of furniture and curtains in all areas must not be stained and dirty.

The walls must be stain and dust free.

The floor and sanitary fittings in the toilets must be kept clean and dry at all times.

Stained, dirty and wet dusting cloth must not be found in any area.

Dispensers must have liquid soap at all time.

HOUSE KEEPING-SERVICE STANDERDS

INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED SERVICE STANDERD

Dustbins for proper disposal of waste must be placed in all time.

All areas where drinking water is available must be clean and hygienic.

Pest control must be done in all areas of the location on a daily basis.

Color codes of dustbins and duster cloths must be followed strictly.

All equipments must be serviced regularly and included in

the annual maintenance contract.

Weekly washing of areas must be strictly followed without fail (corridors, staircase, reception areas, and all floor public areas).

All trolleys and janitor cupboards, janitor areas must be clean and well maintained.

Taps, flushes, automatic flush sensors, hand drier and exhaust fans must be in working condition.

                                                                                                     

HOUSE KEEPING-SERVICE STANDERDS

PROCESS RELATED STANDERDS

Personnel must adhere to the standard housekeeping cleaning schedule specified on daily, weekly and monthly basis.

Personnel must clean the areas allotted to them within the specified time.

Personnel must use appropriate signages while cleaning the toilets and public areas.

Personnel must enter the room only after knocking the door.

Personnel must report faults detected in their areas to the concerned supervisor or H/K desk.

Personnel must inspect and clean high traffic areas, waiting areas and toilets (due to frequent use) every half hour.

Personnel must dust and clean the cobwebs on the ceiling and corners every day.

Personnel must inspect and empty dustbins placed in all work areas at least five times daily and when they required.

Personnel must ensure that none of the doors and windows in the service areas is lift open.

                                                                                                     

HOUSE KEEPING-SERVICE STANDERDS

PROCESS RELATED STANDERDS

Personnel must increase the frequency of cleaning activities during rainy days.

Personnel must assist physically challenged clients.

Personnel must not carry any chemicals in water bottles; Chemicals must be carried in spray cans with appropriate labels in a caddy kit.

Personnel must carry out their tasks without disturbing the office client staffs.

The basis of all monitoring and benchmarking audit activities

must be firmly rooted in agreed and common standards which are widely recognized.

Accident and incident report to be maintained as and when

required pertaining to the situation.

For campus interview

States	Capital	Languages
Andra Pradesh	Hyderabad	Telugu and Urdu
Arunachal Pradesh	Itanager	Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin,Adi, Honpa, Bangini-Nishi.
Assam	Dispur	Assamese
Bihar	Patna	Hindi
Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Hindi
Goa	Panaji	Marathi and Konkani
Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Gujarati
Haryana	Chandigarh	Hindi
Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Hindi and Pahari
Mizoram	Aizawl	Mizo and English
Jammu & Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	Kashmiri,Dogri, Urdu, Ladakhi, Pahari,Punjabi and Dadri
Jharkhand	Ranchi	Hindi
Karnataka	Bangalore	Kannda
Kerala	Trivandrum	Malayalam
Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Hindi
Maharashtra	Bombay	Marathi
Manipur	Imphal	Manipuri
Meghalaya	Shillong	Khasi, Jaintia and Garo
Nagaland	Kohima	Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema and Lotha
Orissa	Bhubaneswar	Oriya
Punjab	Chandigarh	Punjabi
Rajasthan	Jaipur	Rajasthani and Hindi
Sikkim	Gangtok	Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
Tamil Nadu	Chennai	Tamil
Tripura	Agartala	Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak
Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Hindi
Uttaranchal	Dehra Dun	Hindi
West Bengal	Calcutta	Bengali

Food production-Roll Of Meringues In Bakery And Confectionary

Meringue:  is a type of dessert made from whipped egg whites and sugar. Some meringue recipes call for adding a binding agent such as cream of tartar or the cornstarch found in icing sugar. Meringues are often flavored with vanilla and a small amount of almond or coconut extract. They are light, airy and sweet.

Type of meringue

There are several types of meringue, the sweetened, uncooked beaten egg whites that form the "islands" of Floating Island (also known in French as île flottante), the partly cooked toppings of lemon meringue pie and other meringue-topped desserts, and the classic dry featherweight meringue. Different preparation techniques produce these results.

French meringue is the method best known to home cooks. Fine white sugar is beaten into egg whites.

Italian meringue is made with boiling sugar syrup, instead of caster sugar. This leads to a much more stable soft meringue which can be used in various pastries without collapsing. In an Italian meringue, hot sugar syrup is whipped into softly whipped egg whites till stiff. This type of meringue is safe to use without cooking. It will not deflate for a long while and can be either used on pies and Baked Alaska, or spread on a sheet and baked for meringues.

Swiss meringue is whisked over a bain-marie to warm the egg whites, and then whisked steadily until it cools. It is then baked.

Nutritional content

Meringue is a fat-free food, because the presence of even small amounts of fat before the meringue is baked causes the beaten egg whites to collapse. The principal nutritional components are high-quality protein from the egg whites and simple carbohydrates from the refined sugar.

 

 

 

Chemistry

Beaten egg whites

When egg whites are beaten, some of the hydrogen bonds in the protein break, causing the protein's structure to unfold. This change in structure leads to the stiff consistency required for meringues. The use of a copper bowl, or the addition of cream of tartar is required to additionally denature the proteins to create the firm peaks, otherwise the whites will not be firm.
When beating egg whites, they are classified in three stages according to the peaks they form when the beater is lifted: soft, firm, and stiff peaks.
Sugar substitutes are not useful in meringue. The sugar is necessary to the structure.
Egg whites and sugar are both hygroscopic (water-attracting) chemicals. Consequently, meringue becomes soggy when refrigerated or stored in a high-humidity environment. This quality also explains the problem called "weeping" or "sweating", in which beads of moisture form on all surfaces of the meringue. Sweating is a particular problem for French meringues in which the granulated sugar is inadequately dissolved in the egg whites, and for high-moisture pie fillings.

 

 

 

 

 

USES
Meringues eaten like biscuits are baked at a very low heat for a long time. One name for them is "Forgotten Cookies" as they can be left in a gas oven for long periods of time after the cooking is done. They are not supposed to be "tanned" at all, but they need to be very crisp and dry. They will keep for at least a week if stored in an airtight container.
Meringue can be used as the basis for various other desserts including angel food cake, Pavlov, Baked Alaska, Queen of Puddings, Key lime pie, Eton mess and lemon meringue pie. In these cases, the meringue may be cooked at a higher temperature for a shorter amount of time, resulting in a soft meringue with slightly browned peaks on top.
Another dish is "Meringue de Angel", which consists of shortbread biscuits layered with meringue and lemon curd, topped off with drizzled lemon glaze. Variations include raspberries, peaches, mangos, blueberries, blackberries, pineapple, papayas, honeydew, oranges, cantaloupe, or cherries and strawberries.
Meringue may be used for decoration. It can be formed into whimsical shapes, like mushrooms, or piped into a crisp basket that is baked and filled later with cake, fruit, or flowers.